NEET · BiologyHard
In the context of HIV infection, which of the following best describes the mechanism by which the virus evades the host immune system during the clinical latency period?
- A.Rapid mutation of the viral envelope glycoprotein leading to antigenic variation
- B.Complete integration of the viral genome into the host cell nucleus preventing transcription
- C.Downregulation of class molecules on all infected cells to prevent cell recognition
- D.Sequestration of viral particles within the central nervous system to avoid circulating antibodies
Show correct answer & step-by-step solution
Correct answer: A — Rapid mutation of the viral envelope glycoprotein leading to antigenic variation
Solution
- HIV utilizes the enzyme reverse transcriptase which lacks proofreading capability.
- This leads to a high frequency of mutations in the viral genome, particularly in the gene encoding .
- The resulting antigenic variation allows the virus to escape recognition by existing neutralizing antibodies.
- Hence the answer is (A).
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