NEET 2026 — Complete Syllabus

Covers the fundamental concepts of life, biodiversity, the necessity of classification, and the principles of taxonomy and systematics.

Explains the concept of species, the hierarchical structure of classification, and the system of binomial nomenclature.

Details the five kingdom classification system and the salient features of Monera, Protista, and Fungi.

Covers the characteristics and classification of lichens, viruses, and viroids.

Details the salient features and classification of major plant groups: Algae, Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, and Gymnosperms.

Explains the salient features and classification of animals, covering non-chordates up to phyla and chordates up to classes.

Defines and discusses the fundamental characteristics that distinguish living organisms from non-living matter.

Explores the vast variety of life on Earth, including species, genetic, and ecosystem diversity.

Explains the necessity and importance of classifying living organisms for systematic study.

Introduces the three major domains (Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya) that categorize all life forms.

Defines taxonomy and systematics, covering the principles and procedures of classifying organisms.

Explains the biological concept of a species and the hierarchical structure of taxonomic ranks.

Details the system of naming organisms with a genus and species name.

Describes various tools and institutions used in taxonomy, such as museums, zoos, herbaria, and botanical gardens.

Covers the classification of organisms into five kingdoms: Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia.

Details the salient features and classification of major groups within Monera, Protista, and Fungi.

Explains the symbiotic relationship between fungi and algae that forms lichens.

Describes the structure, characteristics, and nature of viruses and viroids.

Covers the classification of plants into major groups like Algae, Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms, and Angiosperms.

Details the classification of angiosperms up to the class level, including characteristic features and examples.

Covers the classification of animals, including non-chordates up to phyla and chordates up to classes.

Covers the external structure and modifications of various parts of flowering plants like root, stem, leaf, and inflorescence.

Details the morphology and modifications of flower, fruit, and seed in flowering plants.

Explains the different types of plant tissues, their structure, and functions.

Covers the characteristic features and examples of important plant families like Malvaceae, Cruciferae, Leguminosae, Compositae, and Graminae.

Provides a brief account of the morphology, anatomy, and functions of the digestive, circulatory, respiratory, nervous, and reproductive systems of an insect (Frog).

Discusses the morphology, modifications, and types of tissues in plants.

Details the anatomy and functions of various parts of flowering plants: root, stem, leaf, inflorescence, flower, fruit, and seed.

Explains the different types of animal tissues, their structure, and functions.

Provides a brief account of the morphology, anatomy, and functions of various systems in the cockroach.

Covers the cell theory and the structural differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Differentiates between plant and animal cells, detailing the structure of the cell envelope, cell membrane, and cell wall.

Explains the structure and functions of various cell organelles including endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, lysosomes, vacuoles, mitochondria, ribosomes, plastids, and microbodies.

Details the ultrastructure and functions of cytoskeleton, cilia, flagella, and centrioles.

Covers the structure of the nucleus, including the nuclear membrane, chromatin, and nucleolus.

Explains the structure and functions of essential biomolecules: proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids.

Covers the types, properties, action, classification, and nomenclature of enzymes.

Details the cell cycle, mitosis, meiosis, and their biological significance.

Covers the cell theory, and the basic structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, including plant and animal cells.

Details the structure and function of the cell envelope and various cell organelles like ER, Golgi bodies, lysosomes, vacuoles, mitochondria, ribosomes, and plastids.

Explains the ultra-structure and function of cytoskeleton, cilia, flagella, centrioles, and the nucleus.

Covers the structure and function of major biomolecules: proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids.

Discusses the types, properties, and mechanism of enzyme action.

Explains the cell cycle, mitosis, meiosis, and their significance in cell division.

Explains photosynthesis as a mode of autotrophic nutrition, covering its site, pigments, and the photochemical and biosynthetic phases.

Details cyclic and non-cyclic photophosphorylation, the chemiosmotic hypothesis, photorespiration, and the C3 and C4 pathways of photosynthesis.

Discusses the various factors that influence the rate of photosynthesis.

Covers gas exchange and the processes of cellular respiration, including glycolysis, fermentation, the TCA cycle, and the electron transport system.

Explains the energy yield from respiration, the concept of amphibolic pathways, and the calculation of the respiratory quotient.

Details seed germination, the different phases of plant growth, and the conditions necessary for growth.

Explains the processes of differentiation, dedifferentiation, redifferentiation, and the sequence of developmental processes in plant cells.

Covers the major plant growth regulators: auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin, ethylene, and abscisic acid (ABA), and their roles.

Covers the movement of water, gases, and nutrients in plants, including cell-to-cell transport, water relations, and long-distance transport.

Explains the transport of food through the phloem, including the mass flow hypothesis.

Discusses essential minerals, their roles, deficiency symptoms, toxicity, hydroponics, and nitrogen metabolism.

Covers photosynthesis as autotrophic nutrition, its location, pigments, photochemical and biosynthetic phases, C3/C4 pathways, and factors affecting it.

Explains exchange of gases, cellular respiration (glycolysis, TCA cycle, ETS), fermentation, and respiratory quotient.

Covers seed germination, plant growth phases, growth regulators (auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin, ethylene, ABA), dormancy, vernalization, and photoperiodism.

Details the human respiratory system, the mechanism of breathing, and its regulation.

Explains the exchange and transport of respiratory gases and the various respiratory volumes in humans.

Briefly covers common disorders related to the respiratory system like asthma, emphysema, and occupational respiratory disorders.

Details the composition of blood, blood groups, and the process of blood coagulation.

Explains the composition and function of lymph, and the structure of the human heart and blood vessels.

Covers the cardiac cycle, cardiac output, electrocardiogram (ECG), and the concept of double circulation.

Discusses the regulation of cardiac activity and common disorders of the circulatory system.

Explains the different modes of excretion and the structure and function of the human excretory system.

Details the process of urine formation, osmoregulation, and the hormonal regulation of kidney function.

Covers the role of other organs in excretion, common disorders of the excretory system, and the process of dialysis.

Explains the different types of movement and the structure of skeletal muscles, including contractile proteins and the mechanism of muscle contraction.

Details the structure and functions of the skeletal system and the different types of joints.

Briefly covers common disorders of the muscular and skeletal systems.

Explains the structure of a neuron and the organization of the human nervous system (CNS, PNS, Visceral NS).

Details the generation and conduction of nerve impulses across a synapse.

Introduces the human endocrine system, including major endocrine glands and the hormones they produce.

Explains the elementary mechanism of hormone action and their roles as chemical messengers and regulators.

Covers common disorders related to hypo- and hyperactivity of endocrine glands.

Details the digestive system, role of enzymes and hormones, digestion and absorption of nutrients, and nutritional disorders.

Explains the human respiratory system, mechanism of breathing, gas exchange, transport, regulation, and related disorders.

Covers the composition of blood and lymph, human circulatory system, cardiac cycle, double circulation, and circulatory disorders.

Explains modes of excretion, human excretory system, urine formation, osmoregulation, kidney function regulation, and excretory disorders.

Covers types of movement, skeletal muscle contraction, skeletal system, joints, and disorders of the muscular and skeletal systems.

Explains the nervous system, generation and conduction of nerve impulses, reflex action, sensory perception, and the structure and function of sense organs.

Covers endocrine glands, hormones, mechanism of hormone action, and related disorders.

Details the structure of a flower and the development of male and female gametophytes in flowering plants.

Covers types of pollination, devices for outbreeding, and the process of pollen-pistil interaction.

Explains double fertilization and post-fertilization events, including the development of endosperm, embryo, seed, and fruit.

Discusses special modes of reproduction like apomixis, parthenocarpy, polyembryony, and the significance of seed and fruit formation.

Details the male and female reproductive systems and the processes of spermatogenesis and oogenesis.

Covers the menstrual cycle, fertilization, early embryo development up to blastocyst formation, and implantation.

Provides an elementary idea of pregnancy, placenta formation, parturition, and lactation.

Discusses the need for reproductive health, prevention of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), and various birth control methods.

Covers Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP), Amniocentesis, and assisted reproductive technologies like IVF, ZIFT, and GIFT.

Discusses reproduction as a characteristic of organisms, covering asexual and sexual modes.

Details sexual reproduction in flowering plants, including flower structure, gametogenesis, pollination, fertilization, seed and fruit development, and special modes.

Covers the male and female reproductive systems, gametogenesis, menstrual cycle, fertilization, embryo development, pregnancy, parturition, and lactation.

Discusses the need for reproductive health, prevention of STDs, birth control methods, MTP, infertility, and assisted reproductive technologies.

Explains Mendelian inheritance principles and deviations like incomplete dominance, co-dominance, multiple alleles, and pleiotropy.

Covers the inheritance of blood groups, elementary ideas of polygenic inheritance, and the chromosome theory of inheritance.

Explains sex determination in various organisms, linkage, crossing over, and sex-linked inheritance with examples like haemophilia and colour blindness.

Covers Mendelian disorders like Thalassemia and chromosomal disorders such as Down’s, Turner’s, and Klinefelter’s syndromes.

Discusses DNA as genetic material, the structure of DNA and RNA, and DNA packaging in cells.

Explains DNA replication, the central dogma of molecular biology, transcription, genetic code, and translation.

Covers gene expression and regulation, focusing on the Lac Operon, and introduces the concepts of genome and the Human Genome Project.

Explains the technique of DNA fingerprinting and the overall process of protein biosynthesis.

Discusses the origin of life and provides evidence for biological evolution from various fields like paleontology, comparative anatomy, embryology, and molecular biology.

Covers Darwin's theory, the Modern Synthetic theory of evolution, and the mechanisms of evolution including variation and natural selection.

Explains gene flow, genetic drift, Hardy-Weinberg's principle, adaptive radiation, and human evolution.

Covers Mendelian inheritance, including concepts like genes, alleles, genotype, phenotype, and deviations from Mendelism.

Explains the chromosomal theory of inheritance, sex determination, linkage, crossing over, sex-linked inheritance, and chromosomal disorders.

Covers the search for genetic material, DNA structure, DNA packaging, DNA replication, and the central dogma of molecular biology.

Explains transcription, genetic code, translation, gene expression, and its regulation (e.g., Lac operon).

Covers the Human Genome Project and the technique of DNA fingerprinting.

Discusses the origin of life and the various evidences for biological evolution.

Covers Darwin's contribution, the Modern Synthetic Theory, mechanisms of evolution like variation, natural selection, gene flow, genetic drift, and adaptive radiation.

Provides an overview of human evolution and the evolutionary history of primates.

Discusses health, disease, and various human diseases caused by pathogens and parasites.

Covers basic concepts of immunology, vaccines, cancer, and HIV/AIDS.

Discusses issues related to adolescence, drug and alcohol abuse, and tobacco abuse.

Explains the role of microbes in household food processing, industrial production, sewage treatment, and energy generation.

Covers the application of microbes as biocontrol agents and biofertilizers.

Discusses health, diseases caused by pathogens, basic immunology, cancer, HIV/AIDS, adolescence, and drug/alcohol abuse.

Covers methods for improving food production, including plant breeding, tissue culture, single cell protein, biofortification, apiculture, and animal husbandry.

Explains the role of microbes in household food processing, industrial production, sewage treatment, energy generation, and as biocontrol agents and biofertilizers.

Explains the principles and processes of biotechnology, focusing on recombinant DNA technology.

Discusses the applications of biotechnology in health, including the production of human insulin, vaccines, and gene therapy.

Covers the applications of biotechnology in agriculture, such as Bt crops, and the development of transgenic animals.

Introduces biosafety issues, including biopiracy and patents related to biotechnology.

Introduces the principles and processes of biotechnology, focusing on recombinant DNA technology.

Discusses applications of biotechnology in health (insulin, vaccines, gene therapy) and agriculture (GMOs, Bt crops, transgenic animals).

Covers important biosafety issues, including biopiracy and patents.

Explains various types of interactions between organisms within a population and between different populations.

Covers population attributes such as growth, birth rate, death rate, and age distribution.

Details the patterns, components, productivity, and decomposition processes within an ecosystem.

Explains the flow of energy through an ecosystem and the concept of ecological pyramids.

Covers the concept, patterns, and importance of biodiversity.

Discusses the causes of biodiversity loss and various strategies for its conservation.

Details various methods of biodiversity conservation, including biosphere reserves, national parks, sanctuaries, and sacred groves.

Explains the relationship between organisms and their environment, including habitat, niche, population interactions, and attributes.

Covers the structure, components, energy flow, nutrient cycling, ecological succession, and services of ecosystems.

Discusses the concept, patterns, importance, loss, and conservation of biodiversity, including various conservation strategies and sites.

Covers major environmental issues like pollution (air, water, soil), waste management, greenhouse effect, global warming, ozone depletion, and deforestation.